See chaf in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "enm:Agriculture",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chaff"
},
"expansion": "English: chaff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: chaff"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "caff"
},
"expansion": "Scots: caff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: caff"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cabha",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Irish: cabha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Irish: cabha"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċeaf",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English ċeaf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċeaf"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English ċeaf",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kaf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kaf",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English ċeaf, *cæf, from Proto-West Germanic *kaf",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaffes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chaff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chaffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chef",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schaf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "chaf",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "chaffes"
},
"expansion": "chaf (plural chaffes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 5 23 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 8 13 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 5 9 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 28 31",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Ethics",
"orig": "enm:Ethics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Chaff; the parts of harvested grain not usable as food, especially straw or husks."
],
"id": "en-chaf-enm-noun-Y0kbyclY",
"links": [
[
"Chaff",
"chaff"
],
[
"usable",
"usable"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 21 28 31",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Ethics",
"orig": "enm:Ethics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something of little to no value or importance."
],
"id": "en-chaf-enm-noun-5ntZMa3n",
"links": [
[
"value",
"value"
],
[
"importance",
"importance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Something of little to no value or importance."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 21 28 31",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Ethics",
"orig": "enm:Ethics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
133,
138
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
135,
139
]
],
"english": "His winnowing fan is in his hand; he'll fully clean his threshing-floor, he'll gather up his wheat into his barn, and he'll burn the chaff with unquenchable fire.",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 3:12, page 2r, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "whos wynewing cloþ is in his hond .· ⁊ he ſchal fulli clenſe his coꝛn flooꝛ / and he ſchal gadere his wheete in to his berne .· but þe chaf he ſchal bꝛenne wiþ fier þat mai not be quenchid",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An evil or immoral act or person; a sin or a practitioner of one."
],
"id": "en-chaf-enm-noun-yMv1~piw",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) An evil or immoral act or person; a sin or a practitioner of one."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 21 28 31",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Ethics",
"orig": "enm:Ethics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 3 7 66",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "enm:Grains",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Waste from food other than grains; rubbish or refuse."
],
"id": "en-chaf-enm-noun-P8jZJC06",
"links": [
[
"rubbish",
"rubbish"
],
[
"refuse",
"refuse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Waste from food other than grains; rubbish or refuse."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃaf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɛf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaf/"
}
],
"word": "chaf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Agriculture",
"enm:Ethics",
"enm:Grains",
"enm:Religion"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "chaff"
},
"expansion": "English: chaff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: chaff"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "caff"
},
"expansion": "Scots: caff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: caff"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cabha",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Irish: cabha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Irish: cabha"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċeaf",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English ċeaf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċeaf"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English ċeaf",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kaf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kaf",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English ċeaf, *cæf, from Proto-West Germanic *kaf",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaffes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "caffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chaff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chaffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chef",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "schaf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "chaf",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "chaffes"
},
"expansion": "chaf (plural chaffes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Chaff; the parts of harvested grain not usable as food, especially straw or husks."
],
"links": [
[
"Chaff",
"chaff"
],
[
"usable",
"usable"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Something of little to no value or importance."
],
"links": [
[
"value",
"value"
],
[
"importance",
"importance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Something of little to no value or importance."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
133,
138
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
135,
139
]
],
"english": "His winnowing fan is in his hand; he'll fully clean his threshing-floor, he'll gather up his wheat into his barn, and he'll burn the chaff with unquenchable fire.",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 3:12, page 2r, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "whos wynewing cloþ is in his hond .· ⁊ he ſchal fulli clenſe his coꝛn flooꝛ / and he ſchal gadere his wheete in to his berne .· but þe chaf he ſchal bꝛenne wiþ fier þat mai not be quenchid",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An evil or immoral act or person; a sin or a practitioner of one."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) An evil or immoral act or person; a sin or a practitioner of one."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Waste from food other than grains; rubbish or refuse."
],
"links": [
[
"rubbish",
"rubbish"
],
[
"refuse",
"refuse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Waste from food other than grains; rubbish or refuse."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃaf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɛf/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaf/"
}
],
"word": "chaf"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chaf meaning in Middle English (4.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (5ee713e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.